Tenses

Pengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.

Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:

KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
    She writes some letters now (active)
    Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
    [S + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters are written by her now (passive)
    Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]

2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
    She is writing some letters now (active)
    Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
    Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
    She has written some letters (active)
    Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
    [S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters have been written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
    [S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
    She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
    Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
    [S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
    Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
    [S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]

KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple Future Tense
    She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
    Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
    [S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
    [S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Future Continuous Tense
    She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
    Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
    [S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
    [S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]   

3. Future Perfect Tense
    She will have written some letters (active)
    Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
    [S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
    [S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    She will have been writing some letters (active)
    Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
    [s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
    [S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]


KELOMPOK PAST  FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
1. Past Future Tense
    She would write some letters when you came (active)
    Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
    [S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
    [S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Past Future Continuous Tense
    She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
    Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
    [S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
    [S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Past Future Perfect Tense
    She would have written some letters if  you hadn’t come here (active)
    Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat  jika kamu belum datang kesini
    [S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters would have been written by her if  you hadn’t come here (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
    [S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
    Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
    [S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
    [S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]


SUMBER : http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/74